"On-chain" refers to any transaction, smart contract, or activity that is recorded directly on a blockchain. These actions are publicly verifiable, immutable, and decentralized — ensuring transparency and security.
Gas fees compensate validators and miners for processing and validating transactions. These fees help keep the network secure and decentralized by rewarding the infrastructure behind block creation.
On-chain actions occur on the blockchain and are irreversible once validated. Off-chain activities happen outside the blockchain (like on centralized platforms), usually offering faster or cheaper alternatives but with less transparency.
Yes! Most blockchains are public and allow anyone to view on-chain activity. While user addresses are pseudonymous, the underlying transactions are fully transparent and cryptographically secure.
Smart contracts are self-executing programs stored directly on blockchains. They run automatically when specific conditions are met — and since they’re on-chain, their behavior is transparent, immutable, and trustless.